Database Management Software Questions & Answers

A columnar database is a type of database management system that stores data in columns rather than rows, which makes it easier for analytical queries.

Google Cloud Spanner is a columnar database that provides strong consistency, atomic transactions, and serializable isolation.

Memory paging is a memory management technique that stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory. By paging, programs in secondary storage can exceed the physical storage capacity, which is a crucial component of virtual memory.

A columnar database refers to a columnar format, a database management system (DBMS) that stores the data within the format. In Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Bigdata is a solution for columnar databases.

To handle null values in data, you can use the following methods:

• Delete or exclude rows with null values
• Replace null values with a default value
• You can use interpolation techniques to fill in missing values

A deadlock in a DBMS (Database Management System) refers to a situation where multiple transactions are stuck and unable to proceed.

Recoverability refers to the capability of database systems to restore the database to a consistent state after a failure or error. It ensures that uncommitted transactions are rolled back to maintain data integrity, while committed transactions are permanently stored in the database, making their effects durable.

The database is recovered using the recovery method known as shadow paging. In this method of recovery, the database is thought to be made up of a fixed number of pages, or logical storage units.

In the DBMS, the stages through which a transaction moves throughout its lifetime are called states. These are the states that describe the current state of the transaction as well as our plans for processing it in the future. These states set rules that determine whether a transaction will commit or fail.

The consistency and integrity of the database are maintained by the DBMS's serializability, which ensures that the outcome of concurrent transactions is equivalent to a serial (sequential) execution of those transactions.